PRECISION ONCOLOGY OFFERS FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR BILIARY TRACT CANCER
Gene alterations in biliary tract cancer offer potential targets for current or future precision therapies. This is demonstrated by a highly acclaimed study conducted by Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences in collaboration with the Medical University of Vienna. In this study, cells from biliary tract cancer were examined for genetic alterations. The results demonstrate the potential of genetic profiling of tumors as a basis for promising and targeted therapies.
Advanced cancers of the biliary tract (BTC) are almost always fatal. With a current five-year survival probability of 2 percent, the search is on for new, effective treatments. One challenge is the high genetic variability and heterogeneity of tumor cells. In order to better exploit this variability for targeted therapies, it has now been systematically investigated. The team from the Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences (KL Krems) and the Medical University of Vienna used data from 92 affected patients in 3 centres in Austria as a basis.
TARGET COORDINATES
"Today's sequencing methods allow us to localize genetic alterations in tumor cells very precisely," explains Hossein Taghizadeh, MD-PhD from the Clinical Department of Internal Medicine 1 at St. Pölten University Hospital, one of the education and research sites of KL Krems, and first author of the study. "These alterations are something like target coordinates for modern, very efficient and precise cancer therapies. Based on data from affected individuals in Austria, we wanted our study to create a systematic genetic "map" of these target coordinates for BTC. At the same time, we aimed for showing that the methodology can be easily integrated into everyday clinical practice and that early tumor sequencing in advanced bile duct carcinoma should be established."
Published internationally the analysis in the study provided extensive results. In fact, a total of 205 molecular genetic aberrations were found in 61 affected individuals. Only in 15 affected individuals were no aberrations detected at all, and in another 16 the sample material was not sufficient for analysis.
The 205 aberrations included a total of 198 mutations occurring in 89 different genes. Other mismatches included those due to fusions of genes. Mutations of the KRAS and TP53 genes occurred most frequently (22.4 percent each). Both are "good acquaintances" in oncology, as their mutations are involved in the development of a whole range of different cancers.
PRECISION RESULT
To assess the extent to which the mutations found would be suitable as targets for an existing precision therapy, the team led by Taghizadeh, MD-PhD, used the so-called ESCAT classification. This classifies cancer cell mutations according to their suitability as targets for precision therapy. "Our result showed that a quarter of all affected individuals with proven genetic abnormalities could benefit from precision therapies." Thus, the study clearly shows that bile duct cancer offers numerous potential targets for effective precision therapies.
"Based on our findings," Taghizadeh, MD-PhD, explains, "we see a strong case for early molecular genetic profiling of BTC as part of the standard protocol – preferably before initiating systemic therapy. In this way, potential target coordinates for precision therapies could be found early and treatment adjusted accordingly. Especially since our work also demonstrates the feasibility of the necessary analyses in everyday clinical practice." Thus, this study also supports the oncological research focus of KL Krems, which is on clinical research with high relevance for a rapid benefit for patients.
Original publication: Austrian tricentric real-life analysis of molecular profiles of metastatic biliary tract cancer patients. H. Taghizadeh, T. Schmalfuss, A. Maj-Hes, J. & G. W. Prager. Front. Oncol. Sec. Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Vol 13 – 2023. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1143825
About Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences (2023)
At Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences (KL) in Krems, the comprehensive approach to health and disease is a fundamental objective for research and teaching. With its Europe-wide recognized bachelor-master system, KL is a flexible educational institution that is tailored to the needs of students, the requirements of the labor market as well as the scientific challenges. Currently KL hosts about 600 students in the fields of medicine and psychology. The three university hospitals in Krems, St. Poelten and Tulln ensure clinical teaching and research at the highest quality level. In research, KL focuses on interdisciplinary fields with high relevance to health policy - including medical technology, molecular oncology, mental health and neuroscience, as well as water quality and related health aspects. KL was founded in 2013 and accredited by the Austrian Agency for Quality Assurance and Accreditation (AQ Austria). www.kl.ac.at/en
Scientific Contact
Hossein Taghizadeh, MD-PhD
Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Oncology Working Group
Dept. of Internal Medicine 1
Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences
Mitterweg 10
3500 Krems / Austria
T +43 2732 9004 12141
E hossein.taghizadeh@stpoelten.lknoe.at